Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the NUTRITIONAL value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to NUTRITIONAL components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-NUTRITIONAL components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the NUTRITIONAL and antiNUTRITIONAL aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.

Background & objectives: Hypertension is one of the most common public health problems that its prevalence is high among women, especially in menopausal women. NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS has a special place in management of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS with hypertension with anthropometric indices in menopausal women.Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on the population consisted of menopausal women with hypertension in the city of Qom in 2014. Of the population, 211 subjects have been selected through multi-stage sampling. The data were collected using demographic information questionnaire; anthropometric indices check list and NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS questionnaire through an organized interview after confirmation of the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA in SPSS-16. P-values less than 0.05 were reported as statistically significant.Results: The mean and standard deviation of age in menopausal women was 60.6±8.9 years. Most of the subjects in terms of education and job were illiterate (71.1%) and housekeeper (99.1%). The mean duration of hypertension was 6.2±5.5 years. The mean and standard deviation of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS in menopausal women was 11.11±2.06. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant inverse correlation between NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS and systolic blood pressure (r=-0.03, p<0.05) and ‘waist to hip ratio’ (r=-0.215, p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, implementation of proper training programs in order to improve NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS is essential for menopausal women and thereby to reduce the incidence of hypertension in this group of society.

Introduction: Sports teachers and club trainers have an important responsibility in the lives of athletes because athletes often use them as a source of advice for various performance-related issues such as diet. The aim of this research was to compare the knowledge, attitude and NUTRITIONAL performance of sports teachers and gym coaches. research methodology: In this semi-experimental study, 120 sports teachers and coaches of Morodasht city(70 men,50 women)club were randomly included in the study after obtaining permission and obtaining consent. Data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and the opinions of experts and professors. The questionnaires included sections (biography, NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS, NUTRITIONAL attitude, NUTRITIONAL performance, physical activity level). After completing the questionnaires, the findings were analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test. (P≤0.05). Findings: The results of the research showed a significant difference between NUTRITIONAL attitude and physical activity level, which was higher among sports teachers. In other cases, no significant difference was observed. (P≤ 0.05), Also, the results of Pearson's correlation test showed that there is a significant correlation only between age and NUTRITIONAL performance of sports teachers and gym coaches and in other cases there was no significant correlation. (P≥ 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated a higher than average level of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS, attitude and performance in sports teachers and club trainers, however, more theoretical and practical training is needed for sports teachers and trainers.

Background: Maternal NUTRITIONAL health, before and during pregnancy, influences the health status of herself and her developing fetus. Pregnancy is an important condition for improving NUTRITIONAL knowledge.Objectives: The present study aimed at determining effects of nutrition education on levels of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS of a representative group of pregnant women in Western Iran.Patients and Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention was undertaken on a random sample of pregnant women (n=100) attending urban health centers in Ilam city (western Iran) during the year 2011 for prenatal care. A NUTRITIONAL education program containing two to four lessons was undertaken for small groups of between six to ten women. NUTRITIONAL knowledge was assessed before intervention (pretest) and followed by two posttests within three weeks interval.Results: The AWARENESS level of pregnant women about healthy nutrition was significantly increased from 3% before intervention to 31% after the NUTRITIONAL education intervention (P<0.001). This significant difference was independent from maternal characteristics of age and levels of literacy and in obese mothers in particular.Conclusions: A NUTRITIONAL education intervention will have a positive effect on NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS of pregnant women.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS and attitude on rural households’ food security level in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the study was 25864 rural household heads of Zanjan County among which 353 persons were selected using a stratified sampling method with proportional allocation. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. A panel of experts at University of Zanjan confirmed the face validity of the questionnaire. Additionally, the construct validity (including convergent, divergent, and nomological validity) and composite reliability of the research instrument were obtained by estimating measurement model and after making necessary corrections. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The descriptive results of the research showed that the level of food security for the majority of respondents was low. Moreover, the results of the structural equation modeling revealed that two variables of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS and NUTRITIONAL attitude and its components including food hygiene, food safety and health, NUTRITIONAL value and food price and quality had positive and significant effects on rural household heads’ food security level explaining about 68 percent of its variances. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that improving villagers’ NUTRITIONAL attitude and AWARENESS, especially by providing them with the necessary educations is one of the basic preconditions for increasing food security among them.

Background & Aims of the Study: Correction of dietary patterns from childhood and beneficial NUTRITIONAL behaviors form an important part of disease prevention. Therefore, the NUTRITIONAL status of the students deserves assiduous attention. With this background in mind, the current study aimed to determine the relationship of AWARENESS, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers with the NUTRITIONAL behavior of elementary school students in Kashan. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The statistical population included the fourth-grade students in Kashan. The sample size was calculated at 300 students (192 males and 108 females) using multistage sampling. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire of perception, knowledge, and NUTRITIONAL behavior. The data were finally analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using multivariate linear regression tests, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, the mean score of students' NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS was reported as 28. 6± 3. 77, which was in the range of 0-34, yielding the maximum score of 32. The mean score of the NUTRITIONAL behavior was 28. 99± 3. 1 falling in the range of 0-36, and the maximum score was 35. Moreover, it was observed that AWARENESS (P=0. 003), behavior (P=0. 01), perceived barriers (P<0. 001), and perceived benefits (P<0. 001) had a significant relationship with gender. Furthermore, NUTRITIONAL behavior was significantly associated with perceived benefits (P=0. 018) and AWARENESS (P=0. 04). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the high level of AWARENESS in students can promote healthy eating behaviors in them. Training courses in healthy eating education are recommended for students and their parents.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) and 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) and moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

Introduction: The main purpose of current study was “ evaluation of effectiveness of mindfulness-based eating AWARENESS training (MB_EAT) on weight, self-efficacy, emotion regulation and NUTRITIONAL behavior in obese women. ” Method: The research method was semi-experimental with Pre-test, post-test and follow-up test design, and comparing them with a control group. Forty subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups according to the inclusion criteria and targeted sampling. Weight, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and self-reported diet intake were assessed before, after and three months after the intervention. Mindfulness-based eating AWARENESS training intervention was held during 12 sessions of 150 minutes. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used. Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based eating AWARENESS training weight, self-efficacy (P< 0. 001), emotion regulation (P< 0. 001) and NUTRITIONAL behavior was effective (P< 0. 001). Conclusion: Mindfulness based-eating AWARENESS training was effective on biological, psychological and behavioral indicators of overweight and obese women. This study is designed to maximize real-world application

Unhealthy nutrition has a significant effect on the occurrence of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, various cancers, diabetes, digestive disorders, various bone and joint diseases. Since the root of most bad health behaviors goes back to childhood experiences, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of health education on changing the AWARENESS and NUTRITIONAL behaviors of elementary school students. The current research is a quasi-experimental study in which the level of NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS and performance of students was investigated and compared using a three-part questionnaire (demographic characteristics, AWARENESS and performance) and a direct observation checklist. A number of 89 fifth grade elementary students in Qazvin city in 2014 were selected by cluster sampling method to participate in the research in the case group and 87 were selected for the control group. After the implementation of the health education program for the case group, which was designed by two direct methods (in person and face to face with questions and answers) and indirect methods (using pamphlets and other educational materials) and according to the initial needs assessment, the amount The effect of education on students' knowledge and performance was measured. The findings of the research showed that students' AWARENESS increased from 23.61±21 to 30.62±4.96 and their NUTRITIONAL performance increased from 13.19±7.08 to 19.98±6.63 (/001 0p<). Also, the results of the study showed the positive effect of the health education program on changing the habit of eating breakfast (p<0.05). According to the results of this study and considering the importance and important role of students as the future platform of the country and the low cost of health education activities compared to other activities in this field, it seems necessary to generalize such education programs and expand them.